Internet Child Porn Essay

According to UNICEF, the United States and Somalia are the only two countries that have not yet ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. However, Somalia currently has no legally recognized government and cannot ratify anything at all, leaving the United States as the only country that still does not agree with it. The Optional Protocol to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child Pornography reports that Bill Clinton did not submit it to the Senate for deliberation and ratification. Perhaps he was too busy with Monica Lewinsky, and maybe the Republicans under Bush were too busy in airport restrooms like Senator Larry Craig. But perhaps Obama can do something about it. Child abuse through internet pornography is growing. In fact, the United States Department of Justice approximates one million children in the United States alone, who were victims of pornographers (Levesque 65). Indeed, tougher internet child-pornography regulations need to be enforced because it continues to be rampant, digital technology has made it easier to proliferate, and the graphic pornography is increasingly becoming more brutal. Internet child pornography is rampant and increasing. The National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC) asserts that â€Å"approximately 20% of all internet pornography involves children. † It is a â€Å"growing crisis. † The Internet Watch Foundation also reports that since 1997, internet child pornography increased by approximately 1,500%. Furthermore, internet child pornography is growing because it generates high revenue. Roger Levesque, in Sexual Abuse of Children reports that child pornography is a multi-billion dollar business. It is also one of the fastest growing internet criminal segments (Ferraro, et al. ). The growth and high demand for it is fueled by addiction, just like illegal drugs. As Ryan Singel of Wired reports, â€Å"Internet pornography is the new crack cocaine, leading to addiction, misogyny, pedophilia, boob jobs and erectile dysfunction, according to clinicians and researchers testifying before a Senate committee Thursday. † Pedophiles are addicted to child pornography, which they use for personal sexual arousal, trading with fellow pedophiles, training for future child abuse victims, or inducement for child prostitution (Crosson-Tower 208). Consequently, the high demand for addictive internet child pornography increases child abuse cases. As, the Guardian reports, â€Å"Demand for child pornography on the internet has led to an increase in sex abuse cases. † It also adds, â€Å"many paedophiles acknowledged that exposure to child sex images fuelled their fantasies and played an important part in leading them to commit physical sexual offences against children. † Unsupervised children using the internet naively are â€Å"groomed for abuse while accessing chat rooms. If the victims take the bait, they become part of future pornographic productions. The increase in popularity of social-media internet sites such as MySpace has increased these chances, whereas in the past, kidnapping by total strangers made it more difficult for pedophiles to capture victims. Moreover, the Internet Watch Foundation through the Associated Press reports that â€Å"Child pornography on the Internet is becoming more brutal and graphic, and the number of images depicting violent abuse has risen fourfold since 2003. Marlise Simons of the New York Times also reports that â€Å"even babies and infants were peddled via the Internet and other media to clients in Europe, Russia and the United States. † Indeed, the Internet facilitates the distribution of child pornography. In the section â€Å"Law Enforcement Efforts Against Child Pornography Are Ineffective† of Philip Jenkin’s book At Issue: Child Sexual Abuse, he points out â€Å"overwhelming evidence† that child pornography â€Å"is all but impossible to obtain through nonelectronic means. The US Department of Justice also reports that because of the Internet’s â€Å"technological ease, lack of expense, and anonymity in obtaining and distributing child pornography,† it â€Å"has resulted in an explosion in the availability, accessibility, and volume of child pornography. † Furthermore, in 2001, â€Å"There are estimated to be one million pornographic images of children on the internet, many of them featuring children from third world countries being abused by affluent sex tourists from the west† (Wellard 26). UNICEF also reports that â€Å"a single child pornography site receives a million hits a month. † In order to receive that much Internet traffic, organized crime groups use sophisticated computer technology to evade detection. Pornographers can send viruses to unwitting Internet users without their knowledge to gain control of their computers, which can be transformed into file servers that can remotely store images and videos of child pornography for downloading later. This happened to Michael Fiola, an unsuspecting man in Massachusetts who was wrongfully charged for possessing child pornography. As Matthew Healey of the Associated Press reports, â€Å"Of all the sinister things that Internet viruses do, this might be the worst: They can make you an unsuspecting collector of child pornography. † After a virus infected Fiola’s laptop and downloaded heinous pictures and videos into his computer, his employer discovered it through the internet bill, and he â€Å"was fired and charged with possession of child pornography, which carries up to five years in prison. He endured death threats, his car tires were slashed and he was shunned by friends. † But he and his wife â€Å"fought the case, spending $250,000 on legal fees. They liquidated their savings, took a second mortgage and sold their car. † Eventually, charges were dropped after prosecutors confirmed the defense findings. â€Å"It ruined my life, my wife’s life and my family’s life,† says Fiola. These sophisticated techniques emanates from hidden internet levels, where 50,000 to 100,000 online organized pedophiles, one-third American, gather together, as asserted by Jenkins in his book Beyond Tolerance: Child Pornography Online. With the advent of web-cams and digital photography and video, even from cell phones, home-made child porn is now easy to produce. Peer-to-peer networking, wherein internet users can share files with each other instead of downloading it, along with the use of data encryption, file division and passwords, also makes any illegal porn difficult to detect, as reported by the Internet Watch Foundation. Truly, law enforcement is weak in battling child porn. As of 2008, the International Centre for Missing & Exploited Children (ICMEC) reports that 93 out of 187 countries do not have child-porn-specific laws. And out of the 94 that do have anti-child-porn laws, 36 do not criminalize the possession of child pornography. And according to Interpol statistics, only 1% of child-porn abuse victims are located each year by law enforcers, as reported by Emily Friedman in ABC News. Furthermore, violators found with images of post-pubescent minors, even if it is illegal, are often not prosecuted (Wells, et al 277). Currently, China has the most effective method in the war against child pornography. Right now, the US uses highly inefficient methods. To mitigate its image as the porn search engine of the world, Google develops software to fight child porn. In 2008, Google adapted software for its search engine to track child porn that is available through its search engine, as reported by Maggie Shiels of BBC News. The FBI also posts hyperlinks on the World Wide Web that advertise child porn. Then they raid the homes of internet users who click on the links, as Declan McCullagh writes in CNet. Moreover, the Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre (CEOPP), established in 2006, attempts to target the assets or finances of organized child-porn rings, as Jamie Doward from the Guardian reports. But China simply blocks all porn and American social-media sites from the Internet. China is known very well for its internet censorship and harsh penalties for drug trafficking. Drug use in the country is one of the lowest in the world. As Reuters reports in December 2009, â€Å"The Chinese government has run a highly publicized campaign against what officials said were banned smutty and lewd pictures overwhelming the country’s Internet and threatening the emotional health of children. They also add that â€Å"China has banned a number of popular websites and Internet services, including Google’s Youtube, Twitter, Flickr and Facebook, as well as Chinese content sharing sites. † Jennifer Guevin of CNET also writes, â€Å"Google acknowledged last year that the Chinese government asked it to disable a search feature with the goal of censoring pornography. † In response to CNET’s report, Myles Taylor, a reader, commented, â€Å"I wish we’d take some pages from their book and start cracking down on child pornographers, pedophiles and such. † In conclusion, law enforcement on child pornography is too weak and tougher regulations need to be implemented to combat this crisis. It would be very effective and simple if the US government were willing to simply block all porno and social-media-sharing sites from the Web, but the US First Amendment would prohibit that. However, unless US lawmakers do something drastic, such as revising the US Constitution, shoppers will continue to see the photographs of missing children on milk cartons, reminding them that their child could be the next victim of thousands of pedophiles simply waiting for the next opportunity.

Niche Company/Urban Outfitters

The purpose of this report is to investigate the challenges of setting up a business and the difference between the major forms of business; particularly, niche markets as compared to the larger mainstream markets. Define three (3) challenges when setting up a business. Explain why they are challenges. The three main challenges when setting up a business are: cash flow, product supply and demand, and human resources. Depending on the type of business, you will have the initial cost of beginning the business prior to any income derived from that business. What type of product are you selling and is there a consumer demand for the product. Finally, staffing the business is also a major concern. Depending on the type of business, there will often be an initial cash investment. Property will have to be acquired from which you will operate the business. The cost will depend on the location, where you product will be in demand, whether you are purchasing the property or renting; and the amount of square footage needed. The property needs to be decorated in order to display the product and there is also the expense of the inventory; labor is also involved with decorating and stocking the inventory. Are you able to do this yourself or will individuals need to be hired? Also, do you as the business proprietor have enough cash flow to sustain your living expenses during this time, when there is no or little income available? Urban Outfitters Continuing Case Study: Creating a business. 2 The business began with an idea or product and the question must be answered as to whether or not it is in demand. Consumers must want the product in order for the business to succeed; if the consumer does not want the product, the business will fail. Therefore, one must ask if the product ill be in demand in the area where the business will be located; for example, snow sleds would not be in demand on a tropical island. Beginning a business requires an enormous amount of time and help is often needed. Unless you limit your hours of operation, it would be impossible for a single proprietor to fulfill all the hours needed. At first, one may have family and/or friends willing to invest their time, bu t this will only last for so long. Hiring employees is a difficult task; one must make sure the person is well suited for the position. The individuals you hire will be representing your business. Define what a niche product is. Give at least three examples of niche products. A niche product is designed to appeal to individuals with specific interests, needs, and price range. A few examples of a niche product would include: plus size woman’s clothing, import automobile repair service, and ethnic foods. Explain why a niche product might have an advantage in a market. Would price necessarily be an advantage? Explain why or why not. Urban Outfitters Continuing Case Study: Creating a business. 3 Niche products or services are specialized and serve a smaller segment of the market. A niche market masters a product specifically, designed to serve only one type of individual in the market. The advantage is the niche company can focus on one group of consumers. Price may possibly be lower; marketing to a smaller group of individuals is often more efficient and cost effective. However, producing a lesser quantity with a high demand would have the potential of raising the price. For example, an imported car owner desires a mechanic specializing in imported car repair. There is not a high demand for this type of repair service; therefore, the price for this service would be higher. The higher price would not be concern for the imported car owner because his main concern is having his car repaired correctly. Identify and explain three reasons why customers would pay more for exclusivity. 1) An exclusive product gives the impression that it is special; therefore, individuals are willing to pay more for something that is unique or special. 2) An exclusive product could be considered hard to find or purchase because of availability making it more special. Individuals want what someone else may not be able to obtain. 3) Individuals are willing to pay more for an exclusive product in order to impress others. The person that is impressed would find value in that item. Urban Outfitters Continuing Case Study: Creating a business. 4 Explain how a niche player chips away at a larger competitor’s base. Give three examples of retailers who have done this. There are three areas in which a niche player can chip away at a larger competitor’s base: go after a different way of delivering a product; provide a premium product or service; and specialize in a one product line. Barnes and Noble Bookstores deliver their product in a specialized way. This bookstore offers a wide variety of books for the reader; it would be very rare for a customer to be unable to find a particular book. One can sit in a living room type atmosphere read their purchase while having a cup of cappuccino or espresso. Second Hand Books is a chain offering pre-owned books at a greatly reduced price. This is a very generic way of shopping for books since there is no reasoning to where the books are shelved and coffee is unavailable. Coach stores offer very expensive limited design handbags priced in the hundreds of dollars. A customer walking into the store is made to feel as if they are the only person there. Individual attention is there for the asking making each customer feel that her business is truly appreciated. Macy’s, a large department store, also offers Coach handbags; however, selection is limited since the store also offers other designer handbags. Starbuck’s provides gourmet coffee; their mission statement is to provide the best cup of espresso. They do not offer a food menu; their only product is the gourmet coffee. McDonald’s now offers cappuccino and other coffee drinks along with their burgers and other menu items. Although their coffee drinks are less expensive, it is well worth the price of a Starbucks to have a good cup of Java. Urban Outfitters Continuing Case Study: Creating a business. 5 Summary: Giant businesses consider niche marketing to be less profitable. However, for small scale businesses, which have just started off with their business ventures, it can be very profitable. By targeting a group of people with a specialized demand your income can soar. You are not competing with the larger mainstream provider. Therefore, you will obtain more profit with a lesser effort by limiting yourself to that specialized niche market.

Produce an international marketing plan that will introduce a consumer Assignment

Produce an international marketing plan that will introduce a consumer brand sold in your home market into a country in which it is currently not available - Assignment Example Since then it has continued to command a competitive market edge despite the competition from Zhujiang and Yanjing, the major Chinese beer brands in the US. Tsingtao Brand at the moment is present in more than fifty countries in the world (Yang, 2007) and the international market for the beer has proven feasibility and great ROI. This paper seeks to highlight the possibility of venturing into the England market. The paper is simply a marketing plan for the introduction of the Tsingtao brand into the England market and aims extensively at analyzing the situation at the England beer market and a SWOT analysis to establish the feasibility of the brand in the market. Further, the paper aims to offer the best marketing mix and marketing strategies that will aid in the best anticipated performance of the brand in the market. Tsingtao has performed stunningly well in the markets it has been introduced to. For instance, in the US, the brand continues to perform very well not to mention its acceptable market share in the local Chinese market. England as the new target market for the beer appears a formidable market which can equally be competitive. This is basically because of the country’s economic status; it is the second largest economy in Europe and fifth in the world. It is considered as the center of world economics and tops the chemical and pharmaceutical sectors, technical industries such as aerospace and hardware/software manufacture. Certainly, England is one of the most greatly industrialized countries in the world. The fact that the beer has performed particularly well in the US which is another world’s strongest economy is a clear marker that the beer can equally survive the beer market competition in England. There happens to be a favorable economic infrastructure in England which is favorable for a better market

Business Management, Organizational Learning Essay

Business Management, Organizational Learning - Essay Example Learning has been considered to be the life blood of IBM, fundamental to its heritage and the success key to the future. Individual learning is the traditional domain of human resources as it includes training, work experience and formal education. Learning by individual in an organization is a prerequisite of the organizational learning. But, an organization with organizational learning should actively create, capture, transfer and mobilize knowledge in order to enable it to adapt it to a changing environment. The need for organizations to continuously learn and adapt to a changing market has been central concern to organizational learning theorists. According to Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), organizational learning refers to the ways firms acquire, create, supplement and organize knowledge and routines around their competencies and adapt and develop organizational efficiency through improving the use of their core capabilities (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, p.302) IBM management has well promoted productive learning by instituting organizational learning mechanisms buy fostering structural, cultural, and psychological, leadership and policy facets of the multi facet norms of the learning structure. The management has enhanced organizational commitment and psychological safety among the subordinates. IBM has transformed individual learning in to organizational learning looking at its advantages over the business performance and effectiveness. The IBM executives have high expectations and confidence on how the learning strategy should be done within the organization so as to enable IBM to develop the workforce and organizational capabilities that would produce innovative solutions for its customers. IBM has considered organizational learning as the most effective learning strategy mainly because it can enable the company adapt

Public Administration Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Public Administration - Assignment Example Wilson’s theory of public administration was put forward by Woodrow Wilson who is considered as one of the pioneers of public administration. In his 1887 article titled â€Å"The Study of Administration,† Wilson formally recognized public administration and the role it plays in the society. In the article, he argued that undertaking a course in public administration is essential in discovering what a government can successfully and properly do and how it can do things efficiently and with minimal cost and energy. The main theme of Wilson’s theory of public administration was that public administration should be founded on a science of management and separation of administration from traditional politics. Also, he advocated that public administration should involve a comparative analysis of private and political organizations. Besides, he advocated the need to enhance the effectiveness of public service through training of civil servants, as well as through assess ment that is merit-based. In addition, he advocated the improvement of efficiency of public administration by the adoption of business-like attitudes and practices in daily operations. Like other theories, Wilson’s theory of public administration has had key points of contention. The main point of contention of this theory has been on the view that politics and administration should be separated. On the one hand, there are those who argue that effective and efficient public administration can only be achieved through a distinction of politics and administration. On the other hand, there are those who argue that politics and administration are inextricably linked and, therefore, cannot be separated.  

Trial book-Advocacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

Trial book-Advocacy - Essay Example It commenced on January 23, 2012 and lasted for nine days and closed on February 2, 2012. I witnessed the proceedings from the public gallery and therefore, would comment on the trial as a neutral observer. The hearing on sentencing took place on March 8, 2012 at which I was present.1 In order to protect the right to confidentiality of those involved in the proceedings, their names had been changed. I also had a brief chance to examine the court documents, which were provided to me by the prosecution counsel during the trial. During the trial I had taken some notes which were used for this Trial Book and had also integrated some of my ideas in it to provide it a proper structure and form. The art of storytelling is fundamental to evocative and effective communication to attain the objectives of understanding. An attorney has two chances to communicate to the fact-finder during a trial, through opening and closing arguments. The more persuasive the counsel is in telling the story, the more chances are that the fact-finder will rule in favour of the argument of the advocate.   When advocates use good story telling techniques they will be able to draw the Jury’s attention and make them understand their points clearly. This note highlights three basic storytelling techniques that a practitioner can employ to create his narration of the case, either in opening or closing, more believable. Tell the story or fact of the case in the present tense form, speak in obvious, active English and connect the listener to the course of events. This trial book will look at the daily proceedings in the court and how every process is handled by the concerned, particularly the prosecution and defence counsels. It will also look into detail how each of the counsel has used language and other advocacy techniques and methods in arguing their cases and the impact it had on the case from an overall point of view. Jurors in criminal trials can ask questions, which provide them th e chance to be interactive in a trial. It is also considered as a valuable instrument to get essential clarification of facts and to fill gaps in information, so as to bring out every relevant factors of the case. The jury continually asks questions to confirm information regarding various factors of the case. On the other hand, in some cases, it is seen that jurors do not understand certain aspects of a case, which may lead them to disregard certain information. Advocates must cooperate with other counsels for the timely preparation of a trial proceeding brief of documents in order to assist the management of documentary proof at trial by the court, witness and counsel. Advocate also must be conversant regarding the provisions of the law, their impact on the offence etc. In addition, they should thoroughly prepare for the case with every relevant background details and information. This trial book intends to delineate all these aspects and to illustrate how trial are conducted in c ourts, the procedures and also how effective use of language and rhetoric can make a difference in juror’s decisions and winning a case. Facts of the Case: On July 27, 2011 three defendants are charged with conspiracy to supply a large quantity of cocaine drugs Class A under the law Section 1(1) 1977 in North West London.2 Three people HH, AR, SW were the mainly

Application of Middle Range Theory to Problem Research Paper

Application of Middle Range Theory to Problem - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that middle range theory is a theory which is inclusive, organized and abstract and has a limited scope. It mainly focuses on the concepts of pain, grief, hope, comfort, and quality of life to patients.   In addition, mid-range theory focuses on the relationship between nursing and the patients’ environment. This theory was pioneered by Florence Nightingale. She was born in Florence Italy on 12 May 1820. Florence was a second daughter of William and Frances, who was very wealthy.   And that made her mother, Frances, to want her to be married to a rich man, however, Florence a devout Christian at age 17 and realized that God called her to serve Him so she could not get married to the man. Even though could not make out how God wanted her to serve him, she, however, discovered it in 1944 and started nursing the sick. This really horrified her parents because by that time nursing was not a respectable job since nurses were often dru nk coupled with dreadful conditions of the hospitals. The family really tried to stop her, but she was determined to sacrifice herself even though she had no nursing experience. This made her go to Kaiserwerth in Germany in 1851 to learn. In 1853, Nightingale was offered her first post of reorganizing a small hospital in Harvey Street, London was known as the Institution for the Care of Sick Gentlewomen in Distressed Circumstances.   While here, she did an excellent job of reorganizing the hospital.... In 1860, she opened the Nightingale Training School for Nurses at St Thomas Hospital. Nightingale greatly raised the nursing standards. In her old age, Florence suffered from ill health and therefore she went blind and therefore become invalid by the mid-1890s. In 1907, she was awarded the Order of Merit. She died on 13 August 1910 (Nightingale & Valle?e, 2001). She is viewed as a mother the mother of modern nursing because she developed modern nursing by synthesizing the information she gathered in many of her life experiences. She realized that the major component of nursing care is the manipulation of the physical environment (Nightingale & Valle?e, 2001). Nightingale identified that the major areas of the environment that the nurse could control is light, cleanliness of rooms, ventilation and warmth, variety, noise, bed and beddings, walls and nutrition. For the client to counter the environmental stress in case one or more aspects are out of balance, he/she must use increased en ergy. In her theory, Florence advocated the two essential behaviors by the nurse. Firstly, a nurse should ask what the client needed or wanted for instance asking what the patient believe that is wrong. Secondly, she advocated the use of observation. Nightingale used precise observations that concern all aspects of the patient’s environment and physical health. She outlined that the main role of nurses is to place their patients in the best position so that the nature can act upon him, therefore, encouraging healing (Nightingale & Valle?e, 2001). This is the main application of Nightingale's theory in practice. It was the nurses’ responsibility to assist